There are seven basic logic gates: AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR. The AND gate is so named because, if 0 is called 'false' and 1 is called 'true,' the gate acts in the same way as the logical 'and' operator. Adolph Coors In The Brewing Industry Pdf Converter.

The following illustration and table show the circuit symbol and logic combinations for an AND gate. (In the symbol, the input terminals are at left and the output terminal is at right.) The output is 'true' when both inputs are 'true.' Otherwise, the output is 'false.' AND gate Input 1 Input 2 Output 1 1 1 1 1 The OR gate gets its name from the fact that it behaves after the fashion of the logical inclusive 'or.'

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The output is 'true' if either or both of the inputs are 'true.' If both inputs are 'false,' then the output is 'false.'

OR gate Input 1 Input 2 Output 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 The XOR ( exclusive-OR ) gate acts in the same way as the logical 'either/or.' The output is 'true' if either, but not both, of the inputs are 'true.' The output is 'false' if both inputs are 'false' or if both inputs are 'true.' Another way of looking at this circuit is to observe that the output is 1 if the inputs are different, but 0 if the inputs are the same.

Inverter or NOT gate Input Output 1 1 The NAND gate operates as an AND gate followed by a NOT gate. It acts in the manner of the logical operation 'and' followed by negation. The output is 'false' if both inputs are 'true.' Otherwise, the output is 'true.'

NAND gate Input 1 Input 2 Output 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 The NOR gate is a combination OR gate followed by an inverter. Its output is 'true' if both inputs are 'false.'

Otherwise, the output is 'false.' NOR gate Input 1 Input 2 Output 1 1 1 1 1 The XNOR (exclusive-NOR) gate is a combination XOR gate followed by an inverter. Its output is 'true' if the inputs are the same, and'false' if the inputs are different. Input 1 Input 2 Output 1 1 1 1 1 1 Using combinations of logic gates, complex operations can be performed.

In theory, there is no limit to the number of gates that can be arrayed together in a single device. But in practice, there is a limit to the number of gates that can be packed into a given physical space. Arrays of logic gates are found in digital integrated circuits (). As IC technology advances, the required physical volume for each individual logic gate decreases and digital devices of the same or smaller size become capable of performing ever-more-complicated operations at ever-increasing speeds. See an introductory tutorial on logic gates.

By In digital electronics, Boolean logic refers to the manipulation of binary values in which a 1 represents the concept of true and a 0 represents the concept of false. In electronic circuits that implement logic, binary values are represented by voltage levels. In the most common convention, a binary value of one is represented by +5 V (also called HIGH), and a binary zero is represented by 0 V (also called LOW).

This type of logic is called Boolean because it was invented in the 19th century by George Boole, an English mathematician and philosopher. In 1854, he published a book titled An Investigation of the Laws of Thought, which laid out the initial concepts that eventually came to be known as Boolean algebra, also called Boolean logic. Boolean logic is among the most important principles of modern computers.

Thus, most people consider Boole to be the father of computer science. In Boolean logic, true is represented by the binary digit 1 and false by the binary digit 0. Logical operations (also called logical functions) are functions that can be applied to one or more logic inputs and produce a single logic output. One of the most common types of logic operations is NOT, which simply inverts the state of its input. In other words, with the NOT operation, if the input is true, the output is false; if the input is false, the output is true. A gate is a circuit or device that implements a logical function.

Thus, a NOT gate is a circuit or device that implements the logical NOT operation. NOT gates are very common in digital circuits.